The Black Sea is known for its mild climate and warm summers; however, the weather often turns unexpectedly harsh, offering a rare and breathtaking sight – the frozen Black Sea. One of the most astonishing winter phenomena on Bulgaria’s coast, it captivates locals and visitors alike. While freezing is rare, it has occurred a few times in recorded history. The last notable occasion was in January 2017, when portions of the Black Sea near Burgas Port and other coastal cities froze solid, creating a surreal landscape almost like a winter wonderland.
When did the Black Sea freeze occur in Bulgaria?
Frozen Shores of 2017
The most recent and widely documented freezing of the Black Sea occurred during the winter of 2016-2017 when freezing weather gripped much of Eastern Europe. In early January 2017, the sea temperature plummeted, accompanied by freezing winds that contributed to the formation of ice floes along the coastline. Burgas Port, one of Bulgaria’s key maritime hubs, was particularly affected. The sea ice contrasts sharply with the still blue sky, offering photographers and nature lovers a rare glimpse of nature’s power.
The Weather Conditions
To understand why the Black Sea froze, we must look at the conditions in place. The winter of 2016-2017 was one of the coldest years, with temperatures dropping below freezing. Strong northeastern winds (known as the Bora) further chilled the coastal waters, forming sea ice along the shore. Snowfall combined with these extreme temperatures created conditions, allowing the Black Sea’s surface to freeze in some regions, especially in the shallower parts of the coastline.
Previous Episodes
Historically, the Black Sea has experienced several notable freezing events along the Bulgarian coastline. In January 1904, Varna Bay froze for approximately 15 days, while the waters near Sozopol remained icebound for about a month.
The winter of 1928–1929 stands out as one of the most severe, with the entire Bulgarian Black Sea coast witnessing significant ice formation. On February 11, 1929, ice in the Port of Varna reached a thickness of 30 cm, and enormous ice floes were observed drifting in the open sea. Subsequent cold spells in 1942, 1954, and 1963 also led to partial freezing of the sea near Varna and Burgas, though these events were less extensive. These rare occurrences are typically associated with prolonged periods of exceptionally low temperatures and specific atmospheric conditions.
The Frozen Danube River in Bulgaria
While the Danube typically maintains a steady flow year-round, there have been rare occasions when its waters have succumbed to winter’s icy grip, transforming into a frozen expanse.
Which Cities Were Affected?
Burgas, Varna, and Beyond
The freezing of the Black Sea was observed predominantly around Burgas, Varna, and nearby coastal towns. Burgas Port, one of Bulgaria’s busiest ports, was completely covered in ice during the event, leading to a stunning, almost otherworldly scene. In Varna, while the ice didn’t spread as far, it was still visible in certain parts of the coast, offering a captivating contrast to the usual blue waves of the Black Sea. The phenomenon was especially striking in smaller towns like Sozopol, which saw its harbor areas coated in thick ice, making it appear that the city had been transported to a remote northern region.
Why is the Black Sea Freezing So Rare?
The Black Sea is not accustomed to freezing due to its mild temperatures and the salt content in the water. Typically, the sea temperature in the winter ranges between 7°C and 10°C (44°F to 50°F), and this warmer-than-average temperature prevents freezing. The milder climate of the Black Sea, compared to other bodies of water at similar latitudes, also means that significant ice formation is sporadic. This event in 2017 was a one-in-a-lifetime occurrence for many who witnessed it, especially for those living along Bulgaria’s southern coast.
What Did It Look Like? A Winter Wonderland
When the Black Sea froze in January 2017, the scenes were magical. The Burgas Port, typically bustling with maritime activity, was covered with thick ice, and boats were stranded on solid ground, giving the place an almost eerie, still atmosphere. The frozen sea stretched as far as the eye could see, with icebergs and frozen waves standing against snow-covered shores. The spectacle drew locals and tourists who marveled at the unique natural beauty of this rare event.
Should You Plan a Visit?
If you’re seeking a winter adventure in Bulgaria, planning a trip to coastal cities like Burgas or Varna during a freezing winter can offer a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to witness the Black Sea in its frozen state. However, be prepared for extreme cold and icy conditions that come with the winter season. Always check the weather forecast for signs of an incoming cold front that may result in sub-zero temperatures.
While the frozen Black Sea is an exceptional phenomenon, it vividly reminds us of the unpredictable forces of nature. The January 2017 freeze remains etched in the memories of those fortunate enough to witness it.
