The period 4600–4200 BC marks a fascinating chapter in prehistory when early civilizations across the globe were emerging and evolving in parallel. In Europe, the Varna culture of present-day Bulgaria astonished archaeologists with the world’s oldest processed gold treasure and evidence of the first social elites.

Archaeologists divide the prehistoric era in Bulgaria into a series of distinct archaeological cultures, each defined by characteristic artifacts, settlement patterns, and chronology.

The Starčevo Culture, also known as Starcevo-Körös-Criș Culture, was an early Neolithic culture that existed in the North-West region of today’s Bulgaria, as well...

Embarking on a journey through time, the Iron Gates Mesolithic Culture encapsulates the vitality and ingenuity of early human societies, nestled in the majestic Danube Gorge, offering a fascinating glimpse into the dawn of civilization and the innovative survival strategies that shaped our collective human story.

The First Bulgarian Empire, founded in 681 CE, united Bulgars and Slavs, shaping a powerful medieval state in the Balkans.