Discover Bulgaria’s top 2025 archaeological finds—from Thracian gold to Black Sea harbors—reshaping ancient history with groundbreaking excavations.

The Varna culture (c. 4700–4100 BC) straddled the Neolithic and Chalcolithic (Copper Age) eras, a time when farming villages were expanding and metalworking was just beginning to emerge.

From liberation in 1878 to the aftermath of World War II, Bulgaria's foreign policy was intricately shaped by its financial constraints, particularly its growing national debt and reliance on foreign loans, which dictated the nation's strategic alliances and diplomatic maneuvers.

The Vinca Culture was a prominent prehistoric civilization that flourished during the Neolithic period, from 5700 to 4200 BC. Centered primarily in what is now Serbia, Romania, and Northwestern Bulgaria, the Vinca Culture extended its influence into Hungary, Macedonia, and Greece.

The Thracians were an ancient Indo-European people who established their presence in the Balkan Peninsula around 1500 BC. Thracian tribes formed early kingdoms, the most notable being the Odrysian Kingdom.